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Objectives Infant mortality in minority populations of Canada is poorly understood, despite evidence of ethnic inequality in other countries. We studied infant mortality in different linguistic groups of Quebec, and assessed how language and deprivation impacted rates over time. Study design Population-level study of vital statistics data for 1,985,287 live births and 10,283 infant deaths reported in Quebec from 1989 through 2012. Methods We computed infant mortality rates for French,...

Objectives We assessed trends in stillbirth over time for Francophones and Anglophones of Quebec, a large Canadian province with publically funded health care and an English-speaking minority. Methods We calculated stillbirth rates for Francophones and Anglophones, and estimated hazard ratios (HR) by decade from 1981 to 2010, adjusting for maternal characteristics. We analyzed temporal trends by gestational interval and cause of fetal death. Results Stillbirth rates decreased in Quebec...

Aim We evaluated the ages and causes of death contributing to life expectancy gaps between economically advantaged and disadvantaged Francophones and Anglophones of Montréal, a Canadian metropolitan centre. Subject and Methods We partitioned the life expectancy gap at birth between socioeconomically disadvantaged and advantaged Francophones and Anglophones of Montréal (Québec) into age and cause of death components for two periods (1989–1993, 2002–2006). Changes in the contributions of...

Language is an important determinant of health, but analyses of linguistic inequalities in mortality are scant, especially for Canadian linguistic groups with European roots. We evaluated the life expectancy gap between the Francophone majority and Anglophone minority of Québec, Canada, both over time and across major provincial areas. Arriaga’s method was used to estimate the age and cause of death groups contributing to changes in the life expectancy gap at birth between 1989–1993 and...

This study investigated temporal trends in heterogeneity of foetal growth restriction across neighbourhood deprivation levels for two culturally distinct communities (Anglophones and Francophones) in a North American metropolitan centre. Inequalities in foetal growth restriction related to deprivation fell from 1989 to 2008 for Francophones, but initial improvements for Anglophones later reversed with a rise in poor foetal growth in the most materially disadvantaged and, unexpectedly,...

Objectives We evaluated temporal and regional inequalities in adverse birth outcomes between Anglophones and Francophones of a Canadian province. Methods Odds ratios and rate differences in preterm birth (PTB, <37 gestational weeks) and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) birth were computed for Anglophones relative to Francophones for singleton live births in Québec from 1981 to 2008 (N = 2,292,237), adjusting for maternal characteristics. Trends over time and residential region were...

Purpose. Inequality in use of fetal autopsy is poorly understood, despite the importance of autopsy in establishing the cause of stillbirth for future prevention. We examined fetal autopsy rates between linguistic minorities in Quebec, Canada, and assessed trends over three decades. Methods. Using registry data on 11,992 stillbirths from 1981–2011, we calculated fetal autopsy rates for Francophones, Anglophones, and Allophones by decade. Results. We found lower fetal autopsy rates for...

This article outlines theoretical considerations and preliminary data for a research project undertaken at the request of the research office at the Collège universitaire de Saint-Boniface in Winnipeg, with the support of the Corporation Catholique de la Santé du Manitoba. The Corporation's "Étude d'évaluation stratégique sur l'intégration des médecines alternatives à la médecine officielle (2006-2009)" seeks to build the capacities of public medical institutions in view of, among other...

Par une approche à la fois qualitative et quantitative, la présente étude analyse les modalités de prise en compte de la langue dans l’organisation des services de santé au sein des établissements majoritairement anglophones, de même que les possibilités favorables à l’offre de services de santé en français en milieu minoritaire francophone. L’examen des facteurs favorisant l’offre de services de santé en français en milieu minoritaire francophone porte sur les dimensions organisationnelles...

Cette contribution analyse les conditions sociolinguistiques structurantes de la fragilité psychosociale des jeunes Franco-Albertains. Trois contextes émergent : l’anglo-dominance, la relation ambivalente avec le Québec et la francophonie non traditionnelle issue des programmes d’immersion ou de l’immigration. L’analyse des données relatives à ces contextes, et en référence aux notions de hiérarchie linguistique et de fragilité psychosociale, révèle des sentiments ambigus de fragilité....

Objective To compare the dietary intake and food choices between Francophone Canadians in a state of linguistic minority (outside of Quebec) and the English-speaking majority. Methods We used the 2004 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) cycle 2.2 (general health and 24-hour dietary recalls) to describe dietary intake of Francophone Canadians (excluding Quebec) and compare them to the English-speaking majority. The linguistic variable was determined by languages spoken at home, first...

Abstract Background Language barriers can impact health care and outcomes. Valid and reliable language data is central to studying health inequalities in linguistic minorities. In Canada, language variables are available in administrative health databases; however, the validity of these variables has not been studied. This study assessed concordance between language variables from administrative health databases and language variables from the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) to identify Francophones in Ontario.

Abundant research shows that linguistic barriers can have a negative impact on access to and quality of health care, as well as a patient's health outcomes.1–3 Establishing a culturally appropriate environment, by providing care to nursing home residents in their preferred language, is key in providing good-quality long-term care (LTC) services.4,5 French is one of Canada's 2 official languages. In Ontario, Canada, studies using population-based data have shown that Francophones have a lower...

Objectives This study compared quality indicators across linguistic groups and sought to determine whether disparities are influenced by resident-facility language discordance in long-term care. Design Population-based retrospective cohort study using linked databases. Setting and Participants Retrospective cohort of newly admitted residents of long-term care facilities in Ontario, Canada, between 2010 and 2016 (N=47,727). Individual residents' information was obtained from the Resident...

Research on linguistic minorities have revealed important disparities in Canada. Numerous analyses have identified the need for further studies looking at health status, healthcare utilization access barriers and quality of care affecting francophone living in a minority contexts (FLMCs) in Canada.1 The value and need to improve access and use of valid health information to support the planification of health and social services is well documented; however, important gaps and challenges...

Background Prior studies have demonstrated the negative impact of language barriers on access, quality, and safety of healthcare, which can lead to health disparities in linguistic minorities. As the population ages, those with multiple chronic diseases will require increasing levels of home care and long-term services. This study described the levels of multimorbidity among recipients of home care in Ontario, Canada by linguistic group. Methods Population-based retrospective cohort of...

Objectives Within health care, there are underserved groups. New Brunswick’s French-speaking minority, which also mostly lives in rural communities, is one such group. A physician shortage potentially prevents this population from accessing health promotion and clinical prevention services. This study analyzes whether New Brunswick Francophone doctors with rural backgrounds are more likely than doctors from urban regions to set up practice in rural communities of the province. Methods A...