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We reviewed Canadian federal, provincial, and territorial policies related to the health of official language minorities (OLMs) and found important provincial and territorial differences as well as policies penalizing OLMs, which thus contribute significantly to health disparities and to the low vitality of OLM communities. These findings suggest the need for more aggressive, hands-on, and concerted federal and provincial/territorial government efforts to address social inequities and health...
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Language barriers can reduce access to medical and virtual care. Although the topic of healthcare professionals and linguistic minorities has been studied in Canada, it has mainly been done for official languages (i.e., English and French). Non-official languages (NOLs) have not been explored previously in the healthcare system at the pan-Canadian level. The objective of this study is to determine to what extent NOLs spoken by physicians relate to those of Canadian ethnic groups and are an...
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Les gains en matière de soins de santé mentale en français arrivent au compte-goutte entre 1968 et 1986. L'État ontarien agit avec prudence dans ce dossier. Malgré les pressions des individus et de l'Association canadienne-française de l'Ontario, la mise en place de soins de santé mentale en français s'est butée à de nombreux obstacles tels que la pénurie de personnel parlant français, les difficultés à attirer ce personnel et à les inciter à demeurer notamment dans le Nord, les carences du...
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This project to help new nurse recruits integrate into the hospital work environment had two components: the development of a new web-based orientation tool in French for new recruits and mentor training for more experienced nurses. The aim of the first component was to redesign delivery of the nursing orientation program by assessing individual needs of new recruits and developing "just in time" information sessions with online access and e-learning modules. The second component aimed to...
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Aim We evaluated the ages and causes of death contributing to life expectancy gaps between economically advantaged and disadvantaged Francophones and Anglophones of Montréal, a Canadian metropolitan centre. Subject and Methods We partitioned the life expectancy gap at birth between socioeconomically disadvantaged and advantaged Francophones and Anglophones of Montréal (Québec) into age and cause of death components for two periods (1989–1993, 2002–2006). Changes in the contributions of...
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Language is an important determinant of health, but analyses of linguistic inequalities in mortality are scant, especially for Canadian linguistic groups with European roots. We evaluated the life expectancy gap between the Francophone majority and Anglophone minority of Québec, Canada, both over time and across major provincial areas. Arriaga’s method was used to estimate the age and cause of death groups contributing to changes in the life expectancy gap at birth between 1989–1993 and...
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Purpose. Inequality in use of fetal autopsy is poorly understood, despite the importance of autopsy in establishing the cause of stillbirth for future prevention. We examined fetal autopsy rates between linguistic minorities in Quebec, Canada, and assessed trends over three decades. Methods. Using registry data on 11,992 stillbirths from 1981–2011, we calculated fetal autopsy rates for Francophones, Anglophones, and Allophones by decade. Results. We found lower fetal autopsy rates for...
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Par une approche à la fois qualitative et quantitative, la présente étude analyse les modalités de prise en compte de la langue dans l’organisation des services de santé au sein des établissements majoritairement anglophones, de même que les possibilités favorables à l’offre de services de santé en français en milieu minoritaire francophone. L’examen des facteurs favorisant l’offre de services de santé en français en milieu minoritaire francophone porte sur les dimensions organisationnelles...
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The Spanish Constitution of 1978 and the Statute of Autonomy of the Balearic Islands of 1983 established the official nature of both Spanish and Catalan and entrusted public authorities with guaranteeing the right of citizens to use one or the other on an equal footing. Subsequent to the language legislation of 1986, the legal framework of Catalan has varied depending on the majority party that forms a government. The debate stirred up by these regulations demonstrates the difficulties in...
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Objective To compare the dietary intake and food choices between Francophone Canadians in a state of linguistic minority (outside of Quebec) and the English-speaking majority. Methods We used the 2004 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) cycle 2.2 (general health and 24-hour dietary recalls) to describe dietary intake of Francophone Canadians (excluding Quebec) and compare them to the English-speaking majority. The linguistic variable was determined by languages spoken at home, first...
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Abstract Background Language barriers can impact health care and outcomes. Valid and reliable language data is central to studying health inequalities in linguistic minorities. In Canada, language variables are available in administrative health databases; however, the validity of these variables has not been studied. This study assessed concordance between language variables from administrative health databases and language variables from the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) to identify Francophones in Ontario.
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Objectives Within health care, there are underserved groups. New Brunswick’s French-speaking minority, which also mostly lives in rural communities, is one such group. A physician shortage potentially prevents this population from accessing health promotion and clinical prevention services. This study analyzes whether New Brunswick Francophone doctors with rural backgrounds are more likely than doctors from urban regions to set up practice in rural communities of the province. Methods A...
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Les infirmières œuvrant dans leur langue seconde (L2) font face à divers problèmes langagiers en milieu clinique dont la difficulté à comprendre l'accent des patients et les expressions appartenant au registre familier qu'ils emploient. Ces résultats sont peu surprenants puisque l'enseignement des L2 est souvent implicitement orienté vers l'acquisition de la variété standard de la langue cible. Pour intégrer une plus grande variété linguistique dans l'enseignement des L2, le concept de norme...
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Background: Although language concordance between patients and primary care physicians results in better quality of care and health outcomes, little research has explored inequities in travel burden to access primary care people of linguistic minority groups in Canada. We sought to investigate the travel burden of language-concordant primary care among people who speak French but not English (French-only speakers) and the general public in Ottawa, Ontario, and any inequities in access across...
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