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The objective of this report is to examine mortality by socioeconomic status among Canadian Francophones and Anglophones living outside Québec, and to assess the independent effects of education, occupational skill level and income quintile on mortality by gender and language group. This is a secondary analysis of linked data from the Canadian Census Mortality and Cancer Followup Study, 1991-2006 created by Statistics Canada (Wilkins et al., 2008). Approximately 2.7 million people (15% of the 1991 census population) aged 25 or over (excluding institutional residents) were tracked for mortality (1991 to 2006), cancer (1969 to 2006) and annual place of residence (1990 to 2007). Québec residents (697 850), bilingual English/ French speakers (5 980) and speakers of neither official language (22 360) were removed from the original cohort. The study is based on a sample of 1 896 920 Anglophones (946 875 men; 950 040 women) and 105 710 Francophones (52 045 men; 53 675 women) living outside Québec. Statistical analysis: Descriptive measures were used and are summarized in tables in the form of percentages. Population characteristics were compared between language groups for the total population and the deceased population, and for males and females separately. Chi-square tests were used to compare the proportional distribution of deaths in all categories between Anglophones and Francophones for each variable. Furthermore, standardized mortality rates (SMR), life expectancy at age 25, and probabilities of survival to age 75 were calculated according to key socioeconomic factors, such as education attainment, occupational skill level, and income adequacy for men and women in each linguistic community separately. Finally, to measure the impact of these factors on all-cause and cause-specific mortality for each of the above groups, the Cox proportional hazards regression model was used. The reference categories were chosen to highlight the effect of respondents' low socio-economic status on mortality compared to those in a better socioeconomic situation, i.e. those with higher levels of education and income, and a more highly skilled profession.